Cosmore Dennie v Louis Williams

.. .. IN THg H 10 H COUHT OF .JlH·n'I(,I~J SAINT VL\f(,I~Nrr AN)) 'l'III1J G IU1JNAI)fNI~H surr NO. 124 OF In02 BI~JPWgJ1JN: AND LOUIS WfLLIAl\1S Sannwl COIlllllissiong for til(' Plai uti rf Nicol(' Syl\'('st(,I' a.nd Ms 1\ 1II,\'('I'S 1'01' til(' I)pf('wia.llt I 1.998: 1.1{//:I" 5Ji, 81 11.998: Of'to/J('J' -- ­_"l I BA/Y/V8'P/c .1. On til(' 22nd of .July, HHH (It ahollt 7:25 H.IIl, a ('011 ision o('('urrpd on Bay Stmet in Kingstown in\'olrillg a ypllie\p OWlwd a.nd dl'lVPIl by tlw plaintiff alnd one own(~d nnd driY(,H hy tlJ(' d('I'Pluiant rl'\t(' pla.intiff was driving his \,('hi(')(' on Bay Strppt at a.bout 25 mil('s PPI' 110111', Iwadillg towards tlw Ol'PlmdillPs \Vharf'to pid\. up SOnWOIH'. Bay Strp('t, whiel. is a 1II11jor road was at flu' filiI<' 1"'('(' from human and \'('hi('lIlal' traffic'. rl'1I(' (h.ft'lldallt IIml IIl'h'PIl his v('1Ii('\(' alollg Shal'pt' Stl'('rt en ront,(~ to his wo}']\. pl(l,('(', Shal'p<' Stl'(,(,t. is a, mi nor road aIHI it adjoins Bay Street.. Thprp was awl is a stop Ii II(' 011 S 1 JaI'PP Stl'P('t wllPl'P it adjoi ns Bay Stl'(\('t.. rnw dcf('ndant would lw.vp to tra\,pl across Bay Stl'Ppt to gpt to his worl\ pla('('. \V11il(l both v('hidps W(,I'(, on Bar Stl'('(It 11 ('oil isioll 0('('11)'1'('<1. rl'lH' width of Ba.r Strppt in , .' the ar('a. of til<' ('ollision is 40 f('('t, rPJU\ ('ollision O('(,II1TPtl on til(' right sid(' of the road. rrllP point. of impa('t h('illg 14 f(lpt 8 il1('11('s fmlll tlJ(' right sidp of dIP road, rPlH' plaintiff's vP)'sioll of ('V('nts is {'ollsistpnt with his C(lSP (IS pI(lad('d, rrh(l pla,intiff t('sti I'i('(l that as 11(' a.ppl'Oaclwd til(' i ntpl'SP('tioll of Bay Strp('t and Slml'}W stre(·t til(' d('('('II<iant's \'('1Ii('l(I ('anH' Ollt of Sharp<' Strppt withollt stopping, 11(' tool{ eva.~i\'(' action hy swinging towards til(' Port Ya.rd si(}(' (tlw right sidp) of tllP str('ot. ... IIp WHS almost past wlwn his I(lft r('al' dool' alld sid(\ doo)' was hit. rrhis fmHlwd thp baek of his eal' eu,llsillg it to spill 1'('slIltillg ill a IHO d<'gr('('s tllrll. rplw dpfpnda.nt's (Ividplu'" is that 011 tlw ~~lHI .J Ill~', HlB 1 at 7:~() (I. m. lw was driving his ear along HIIaI'Il(' Stl'(,(,t. Oil I'pa('hillg tllP intpl's(I('tion of Hha.rpp a.nd Bay Str('ets, lw stopped his \,phi<-Ip, lool{pd I(lft, tlwn right, tlWIl Ipft again. 'rhis wus dorw h('('(uls(' Jl(I had to (TOSS Bay Stl'('Pt to g('t to his worl" p](I,('('. HaNing obs(,l'vpd tlmt Bay Stl'(,(lt was 1','(,(, frolll hllllW,1I and \'('l1i(,lIlal' traffi(' 11(' prore('dcd to eross til<' roml. IIp was a littJp 11101'(' t.han half of tIl(! width of Uw )'oad whC'n tlw plaintiff's vpliiclp (Tosspd ill !'!'Olit or lIim ill a "pry fm.,t, nUUIIWI' a.nd ('rflshpd int,o thC' front of his ,,('hklp. 'I'll(' plai llti fI' \\'iIS dI'i\'i IIg 011 til(' "'l'Olig sieI(' of tlIP mad. It is (I\'idpnt. that thp ,,('..sioll or (·'·Pllts as d('pos('d to h~' tl1p plai IItift' and tlw dcfpudant ('all not hoth h(' jTIl('. 'I'IJ(' ('011 It has to makp a. fi flding on tlIP fundlUlwnt.al issues of fact i II til is ('asp, wit i('11 iU'P: (I) wh('tlwl' til(' d('I'(llldallt. (l1lJ(lrg<,d f!'OlIl Shal'(l<' Str('Pt. a miuOl' I'OHd unto Bay Str(\pt n llIajor road wit.hollt stoppillg, (2) \VIJ(lthnr tlJ(1 dpl'(llldallt dl'o\'(' fmlll Shm'pp Htrppt into Bay Streot. wlH'1l it was III1S1IJ(' to do so. (a) \Vlwtlwl' tJJ(' plailltilT was ciririllg his r('hkl(' 011 tIl<' wroug shIp of thr road, On a ('Ios(' oxaIllillation of til(' ('\'id('JI('p ami having I'Pgal'd to tIl(' ens£' us pleadpd, I am iut'liIwd to aA.'('('pt. tIl<' (lYidplI('p of tl)(l plaintiff as to how tlw lleddont oeem'I'Pd. I 1Ia\,(' ('onsidpl'('d tIlP III<I.IIIIPI' and d('HI(,MIOUI' of' thp litigants and the plaintiff impr('ssps fliP HS tlU' 1lI0l'(' (TP(lihl(' witupss. J ('ollsidpr him to bp a witness of truth who ga\,(' his pvid(,IH'(' 1"'<J,nldy. I n ('ross ('xami nation IJ(I I'('adiIY willi iH(ld that. 1)(' was d I'ivi ng b<'yond tllP spp('d limit. IJp said: "I was lIot dl'irillg 1('isllI'('ly, J had to g<'t. to til(' airport, at a specific tillH'. rl1hat WilS pa.rt or UU' I'PUHOIl I was ('x('('('di Ilg tlU' spp(ld limit." rrIl(' dprPIHlant did lIot always show tlwt frankll(,Hs with his a.nsWPI'8. In respons(' to a qll('Htion put ill (TOSS ('xalllillatioll II<' said: "A \'('hiclp ('xiting from a minor road Ullto a, majOl' )'oad IllIISt m'(,()l'dillgl~' gin' way to tl'U.t'fi(' on Uw major road." \VIH'JI (JHkpd hy M,' ('Ollllllissiollg whnt 11(\ Jlwant hy (J'('('ordingly, lw Illude It feeb]p att('mpt to pxplain by sa,\'i ng: "I I' a. \'('hklp is ('ollling out of' a, minor mud and ont' is ('oming from the majol' mad awl 011(\ is coming from a IHu;jor road to tlw said minor road, that's why I said (I(·('o"dillgly." 'Plw dpf('wlant staJ,pd that ill wn I, tlH'),p was 110 stop Ii 11(\ at tiw i ntpl'S('('tion, th('I'P is Oll(, at 1))·PS(,llt. rpIH' ('ridpll('p of Poli('p ('ollstahl(' Frallcis, who inY(lstigatpd thp ('ol1isioll, awl whieh Im'('('pt is that tiH'rp wus a stop Iill(' t1H'),P ill HUH. 'nH' dpf(\wlant stnt('d that II(' tool" all 1))'P(,Ulltioll bpfOl'p II<' ('I'08..,,)pd Bay Strp(\t~ Y('t wh(\11 1)(1 saw t.Iw pIli iIItifTs \'phieip it was pxw:tlr i II front of his vehielp, (,I'ossi ng his vphiclp. rl'llis was a, PPI'SOIl who sa.id ill ("'OSS pxaminu,tion: "I had a (']par yipw of what was Im'PPPllillg 011 Bay Stl'('('t~ I ('0111.1 s('(' a.bollt 150 to 160 ya,rds down Ba.y Htrpet" 11(\ flll'tIIPJ' sta,t,pd that lIP had not S('Pl) any \'phi<'lp at all and lw first appl'Peiatpd tIl<' pJ'(\S(\Jl('P or til<' plai ntiff's car wlit'll til(' plaintiff was crossing his ('cU', 'Phat ('\'id(,II('(' ill Ill)' riP\\' iJlllstraf,(\s a. grpnt dpal of inattplltiv(,lI(,ss 011 tlw pal-t. or till' dprPJulallt ill rplatioll to tmJfie 011 th" road. I n (TOSS px,uninatioll tllP plai uti ff statpd that \\'h(,11 IIp first sa.w the defNldant's \,('hi(')(', it was ()O f(\pt. lip tool.; (I\'Clsin\ adioll b)' (,Ill'"i ng his vehiel(l towards til<' Port 01' right sid(' of tilP road, Til is to ma)' lIIi lid IIWlollbtpdly ('xplains th(1 point of illlpn('f, O(,(,IIJTillg 011 til(' right. shIp of thp mad. Mr ('ommissiong ill llis wldl'Pss Ilob't! tlmt ollly t.lw Ipft, front sid<, of the defendant's \,('hi('](' was danwgpd,l h· SlIhlllittpd that whpll tIl<' dpfNld(l,nt's ca.r collided with tlJ(' plaintiff's car, it. BlIIst )lan' ('(,(,11 a,t, lUi angl(', 11(1 ll.l-gtwd that tIl(' first point of ('ontad bpi IIg tJU\ Iprt J'('lU' doot' of t.lw plai ntHf, shmv('d that thp plaintiff's cal' had all'(,C1d,r pas~.;('d til(' tillllgPJ' poi lit 01' was sWPI'\'i ng to avoid what appearpd to bp it (,Pl'tain ('ollision. <'<mllst'l SUlHlIitt('d that til<' natllJ'P of tIl<' damage is th(' b(,81. indication of how til<' I\.e<'idpnt. happPIH'd, a.nd tlIP dn.mag(\ to the plaintiff"H ('/1.1' is ttw smoldllg gnu PridPIH'(I ill this ('as(\' FlIl'thpl', til(' danmg<' is in favour of' tlt<' plaintiff"s ('liSP, I i1gn'<' with Ip(l.l'lI('d ('011118('1 that til(' damage' donp favours t.}w plailltiff's eaSt'. It is also ('ollsist('lIt with tlIP plaiutHt"s ('xplanation as to how t.}w H('eidpnt OCelllTP(1. Ms S,rlvpst,(ll' for tlH' dnfpndallt Hllhmit.tpd illtpl' alia, t.hat. tlw plaintiff was driving too fa.st i u tlw dr('UllIstH.lu'PS awl lip failp(} and 01' I'pfuspd to stop so u .." t.o avoid t.lw (1.('('id(\lIt, As far as HI)(\(\d is ('OIU'PI'IIPd, i II tIl(' cin'lllllstam'ps of t.llP cuSP I do not fi ntl tlI(' plai nti ffs sp('(\d to 11(' (\x('('ssi V(" 110)' do I ('ollsid('1' his spppd of' 25 mil(ls PPI' h01l1' in awl of its('II' to ('ollstitllt(' IIPglig<'Jl('p. 'Vith rpsppcf, to stopping, thp plaintiff' statpd that Ii(' tool" p\'(lsi\'(\ (I,('tiOiI WllPll h(' ,'pu.lis('d that Uw dpf('ndant was not Htoppi IIg. I n Illy opi lIioll t1U\ d('rPllda.llt's action (TPa.t,pd a 8uddpn emel'g<'Iley for tllp plaintiff, who fm'('tI with an PlIIPIW\IH'Y sit.lla.tion, did tIl(' best hp could to avoid t.11<' eollh;ioll. ... On tlw issllP of ('ontrilmtol'." lH'gl ig('II('P, it is for t,ll(' dpfpllda,nt. to satisfy the Comi that tlw pla.intiff's ad 01' omission has ('ontrihllt('d ill SOIll(' d<'grp(, to the accident. ] 11 tIl(' instant rasp, tIl(' d('I'('lIdallt has Bot satisfiNl that OIlItS. In his address )ea,rlH'd ('OU IIs('1 1'01' tIl(l plai Iltiff 1\1 I' ('ommissiong submitted that tlw d(lfpmlant's ('<lS(I (1.'" pl(luli(ld st.atps lIothing. rrll<' pa.rti('s must b(l bound by th('ir plpadillgs. Pa.ragra.ph 4- adds lIothing to tlw plpadillg. PaJ'agl'nph aca.nnot be pray<,d in aid in t,(II'IIlS of pa,l'agl'aph f) IIl1d IHl,I'agJ'c\.pll f) clops not <'xplain how tIl(' accident hapP('rwd. Paragraphs );!,H,4, awl 5 of til(' am('wlpd J)(>f"('nrp and Connt(11'(,1 a.i III aJ'P J'('prod \I('('d b('1 ()w: "2. S(1Y(' that th<' J)pfpndallt admits tlu' ('ollisioll r(lf('I')'('d to tll('I'pin, pa.ragraph 2 or t.1I(' stat{'Il)(,Ilt. of ('Iaim is d(,lli('d.

3.r.,11<' said u,reidput was ('(l,lIs(ld OJ' ('olltrilmt(ld to by tIl(' npgligell('(l of tIl(' Plaintifl'. P.\ BTl( '(' I ,,\ US (n) Fa.iling to ha\'(l all) or allY sllffiei('lIt r('ga.rd I'm' t.raffic )'(Iglil a.ti 0 liS, (b) Driving a.t a sp('('d wllieh was too fast III til(' ('il'('Ulllsta.II('('S. (c) Driving 011 til(' Wl'Ollg shIp of t.ll(' road. (d) Failing to stop, ::-;Iow down, to ::-;W('I'\'(' or ill any ot.1wI' way so to Ulallag(' or cOlltrol his said motor ('a.1' so as to avoid tlw sa.id ('011 isioll. (<') Fa.iling t.o Iwpp <III.\' 01' all," propP}, look Ollt OJ' t,() hm'p all)' 0)' any sllITki(,llt "('gal'" fot' t.ll(' PlailltitTs ('aT. (f) Fa.iling t.o ha\'(' a.ny 01' all." sIlITici('lIt I'pganl fo)' tlw saf('ty of tlw IISPJ'S of tlH' said road. (g) I1'u,iling to stop 0)' to wa.it. ill til(' rominntil til<' J)('fpudant. passpd hilll ill saJpt.,r I)('fo)'(' turning 01' aU(lmpt.ing to turn to his l('n. t s ('(1,1', (11) ('am;illg his ('HI' to ('ollid(' with til(' Ikl'('lIdant COlTNrI~HCLA I:vI

5.The Defendant repru,ts paragraph a Iwl'(,o1', and says that by rouson of the matt.er therein set out ll<' lIm.; sufferpd loss and da.mage. PA HTICl T( ,A ItS (a) Repairs to Cal' $il,6aH.2H ... (b) {1]xcess damages $5()().OO". Counsel seems to b(' lalIlPnti ng the Il<'Ul' dpmise of the [ut of pleadings. A pleading is a party's written sf,atA:'IH('nt of tIll' fal',ts on which he I'eli('s for his claim or defence. The object of plmtdi ngs is wrJ1 l{nowll. As long ago (IS Phillimore J. said: "FrIll' plrlldingsl nr(' not to h(' ('onsid('rpd as constituting a ga.me of skill between the advoca.tes. rrlwy ollght to b(' so 1'rauwd HS not only to assist the pruty in the statement of his casp hut tlw COUlt in its illvpstigation of tIl(' truth between the Iitigants" . I eonsidm' this statmurnt tA:) bp (IS J1(lrti Iwnt today HS it was in IH68. Earlier in my judgment I i ndiea,tod what I ('ollsidered to b(' tl)(' fnndamenbt.l issues of faet in the instant easo. Pa.ying r(\ga,rd to all the cirelllllstanees of the case including the credibility of tlw litigants having seen and heard them and on analysing the faets, I aeeept tlw plaintiff's (u'('ollnt of the aecident as mOl'£' credible and probable than that of tIl<' dpfPlldant. Accordingly, I find ns a fad that the defendant negligently emerged fmlll Shal'}l(' Strept, a minor road into Bay Street, a major road without stoppi ng H.ud at a, tinw wllPll it was unsaJe to do so. 'rhe plaintiff was at the timp driving lIis vehiel(\ on tIw left or eOlT(ld side of Bay Street, at 25 miles per hour, (I, sp(I(ld whkh was not ('xressive in til<' <'i I'ctlmstances. The careless llct of the dpfrndant (,I'pated an (\m(\l"g<'IWY situation for the plaintiff who was forced to talm eVHsive cU'tion by sWPl'ving to the right in nn Pf'fOIt to avoid the collision. The defendant's ea.r ('ollided with tho plaintiff's car thus rausing loss and damage. I find thH,t in the ('ircllInsta,Il('PS of tIl(' ('use there was a breaeh by the defendant of the duty of ('a1'P east upon him which l'(~snlted in tlw eollision with the subsoqllont dUIWtgP and loss. I ri nd tIl(' dpfpwlallt to l)(~ wholly and solely liable in negligence for the 8,('eidpnt. rl'lH' plainti ff WHS not negligent nOl' ('outributed in any way to the aceident The plaintiff has IH'O\'en It is sppeia.l damagp of $6715.85 as particularised and pleaded and is also awal'dpd $1,O()O.O() i It gNwral damag(ls. " • '. i It, is 0 I'd(' I'('d t.11 at (I) .JlldgnlPnt is ('llt(,l'('d fOI' IIII' plailltiff with ('osts. (2) rplH' dpfNldallt's ('oullt(,l'<'iailll is dismiss('d with em,ts. (a) rnw d('f(~lldant is to pay th(l plaintH'f $7,7)5.85 ill daulag('s. (4) rplH' d<,f<'rHlallt to pay ('osts to h(' tax('d if not. Hgl·('('d. -"'-- (~ - ,jC'::..- (...-"" '"Y'?~ __' '-.;;";:Q ....1':'.....'I:.~.),~;.-.....................

Da\'idsoll 1\('l\'in Baptish'

JII(.11 ('()I TIrJ 1 .J I TI )( i g (Ag.)

.. .. IN THg H 10 H COUHT OF .JlH·n’I(,I~J SAINT VL\f(,I~Nrr AN)) ‘l’III1J G IU1JNAI)fNI~H surr NO. 124 OF In02 BI~JPWgJ1JN: AND LOUIS WfLLIAl\1S Sannwl COIlllllissiong for til(' Plai uti rf Nicol(' Syl\'(‘st(,I’ a.nd Ms 1\ 1II,\'(‘I’S 1’01’ til(' I)pf(‘wia.llt I 1.998: 1.1{//:I" 5Ji, 81

3.r.,11<' said u,reidput was ('(l,lIs(ld OJ' ('olltrilmt(ld to by tIl(' npgligell(‘(l of tIl(' Plaintifl'. P.\ BTl( ‘(‘ I ,,\ US (n) Fa.iling to ha\'(l all) or allY sllffiei(‘lIt r(‘g a.rd I’m’ t.r affic )'(Iglil a.ti 0 liS, (b) Driving a.t a sp(‘(‘d wllieh was too fast III til(' (‘il'(‘Ulllsta.II(‘(‘S. (c) Driving 011 til(' Wl’Ollg shIp of t.ll(' road. (d) Failing to stop, ::-;Iow down, to ::-;W(‘I’\'(‘ or ill any ot.1wI' way so to Ulallag(' or cOlltrol his said motor ('a.1' so as to avoid tlw sa.id ('011 isioll. (<‘) Fa.iling t.o Iwpp <III.\' 01' all," propP}, look Ollt OJ' t,() hm’p all)' 0)’ any sllITki(,llt "('gal'" fot' t.ll(' PlailltitTs ('aT. (f) Fa.iling t.o ha\'(' a.ny 01' all." sIlITici(‘lIt I’pganl fo)' tlw saf(‘ty of tlw IISPJ’S of tlH' said road. (g) I1’u,iling to stop 0)’ to wa.it. ill til(' rominntil til<' J)(‘fpudant. passpd hilll ill saJpt.,r I)(‘fo)'(‘ turning 01' aU(lmpt.ing to turn to his l(‘n. (11) ('am;illg his ('HI' to ('ollid(' with til(' Ikl'(‘lIdantt s (‘(1,1’, COlTNrI~HCLAI:vI

5.The Defendant repru,ts paragraph a Iwl'(,o1′, and says that by rouson of the matt.er therein set out ll<‘ lIm.; sufferpd loss and da.mage. PA HTICl T( ,A ItS (a) Repairs to Cal’ $il,6aH.2H … (b) {1]xcess damages $5()().OO”. Counsel seems to b(‘ lalIlPnti ng the Il<‘Ul’ dpmise of the [ut of pleadings. A pleading is a party’s written sf,atA:’IH(‘nt of tIll’ fal’,ts on which he I’eli(‘s for his claim or defence. The object of plmtdi ngs is wrJ1 l{nowll. As long ago (IS 1868 Phillimore J. said: “FrIll’ plrlldingsl nr(‘ not to h(‘ (‘onsid(‘rpd as constituting a ga.me of skill between the advoca.tes. rrlwy ollght to b(‘ so 1’rauwd HS not only to assist the pruty in the statement of his casp hut tlw COUlt in its illvpstigation of tIl(‘ truth between the Iitigants” . I eonsidm’ this statmurnt tA:) bp (IS J1(lrti Iwnt today HS it was in IH68. Earlier in my judgment I i ndiea,tod what I (‘ollsidered to b(‘ tl)(‘ fnndamenbt.l issues of faet in the instant easo. Pa.ying r(\ga,rd to all the cirelllllstanees of the case including the credibility of tlw litigants having seen and heard them and on analysing the faets, I aeeept tlw plaintiff’s (u'(‘ollnt of the aecident as mOl’£’ credible and probable than that of tIl<‘ dpfPlldant. Accordingly, I find ns a fad that the defendant negligently emerged fmlll Shal’}l(‘ Strept, a minor road into Bay Street, a major road without stoppi ng H.ud at a, tinw wllPll it was unsaJe to do so. ‘rhe plaintiff was at the timp driving lIis vehiel(\ on tIw left or eOlT(ld side of Bay Street, at 25 miles per hour, (I, sp(I(ld whkh was not (‘xressive in til<‘ <‘i I’ctlmstances. The careless llct of the dpfrndant (,I’pated an (\m(\l”g<‘IWY situation for the plaintiff who was forced to talm eVHsive cU’tion by sWPl’ving to the right in nn Pf’fOIt to avoid the collision. The defendant’s ea.r (‘ollided with tho plaintiff’s car thus rausing loss and damage. I find thH,t in the (‘ircllInsta,Il(‘PS of tIl(‘ (‘use there was a breaeh by the defendant of the duty of (‘a1’P east upon him which l'(~snlted in tlw eollision with the subsoqllont dUIWtgP and loss. I ri nd tIl(‘ dpfpwlallt to l)(~ wholly and solely liable in negligence for the 8,(‘eidpnt. rl’lH’ plainti ff WHS not negligent nOl’ (‘outributed in any way to the aceident The plaintiff has IH’O\’en It is sppeia.l damagp of $6715.85 as particularised and pleaded and is also awal’dpd $1,O()O.O() i It gNwral damag(ls. ” • ‘. i It, is 0 I’d(‘ I'(‘d t.11 at (I) .JlldgnlPnt is (‘llt(,l'(‘d fOI’ IIII’ plailltiff with (‘osts. (2) rplH’ dpfNldallt’s (‘oullt(,l'<‘iailll is dismiss(‘d with em,ts. (a) rnw d(‘f(~lldant is to pay th(l plaintH’f $7,7)5.85 ill daulag(‘s. (4) rplH’ d<,f<‘rHlallt to pay (‘osts to h(‘ tax(‘d if not. Hgl·(‘(‘d. -“‘–(~ -,jC’::..-(…-“” ‘”Y’?~__’ ‘-.;;”;:Q ….1′:’…..’I:.~.),~;.-………………… Da\’idsoll 1(’l\’in Baptish’ JII(.11 (‘()I TIrJ1 .J I TI )( i g (Ag.)

11.998: Of’to/J(‘J’ –_” l I BA/Y/V8’P/c .1. On til(‘ 22nd of .July, HHH (It ahollt 7:25 H.IIl, a (‘011 ision o(‘(‘urrpd on Bay Stmet in Kingstown in\’olrillg a ypllie\p OWlwd a.nd dl’lVPIl by tlw plaintiff alnd one own(~d nnd driY(,H hy tlJ(‘ d(‘I’Pluiant rl’\t(‘ pla.intiff was driving his \,(‘hi(‘)(‘ on Bay Strppt at a.bout 25 mil(‘s PPI’ 110111′, Iwadillg towards tlw Ol’PlmdillPs \Vharf’to pid. up SOnWOIH’. Bay Strp(‘t, whiel. is a 1II11jor road was at flu’ filiI<‘ 1″‘(‘(‘ from human and \'(‘hi(‘lIlal’ traffic’. rl’1I(‘ (h.ft’lldallt IIml IIl’h’PIl his v(‘1Ii(‘(’ alollg Shal’pt’ Stl'(‘rt en ront,(~ to his wo}’]. pl(l,(‘(‘, Shal’p<‘ Stl'(,(,t. is a, mi nor road aIHI it adjoins Bay Street.. Thprp was awl is a stop Ii II(‘ 011 S 1 JaI’PP Stl’P(‘t wllPl’P it adjoi ns Bay Stl'((’t.. rnw dcf(‘ndant would lw.vp to tra\,pl across Bay Stl’Ppt to gpt to his worl\ pla(‘(‘. \V11il(l both v(‘hidps W(,I'(, on Bar Stl'(‘(It 11 (‘oil isioll 0(‘(’11)’1′(‘, .’ the ar(‘a. of til<‘ (‘ollision is 40 f(‘(‘t, rPJU\ (‘ollision O(‘(,II1TPtl on til(‘ right sid(‘ of the road. rrllP point. of impa(‘t h(‘illg 14 f(lpt 8 il1(’11(‘s fmlll tlJ(‘ right sidp of dIP road, rPlH’ plaintiff’s vP)’sioll of (‘V(‘nts is {‘ollsistpnt with his C(lSP (IS pI(lad(‘d, rrh(l pla,intiff t(‘sti I’i(‘(l that as 11(‘ a.ppl’Oaclwd til(‘ intpl’SP(‘tioll of Bay Strp(‘t and Slml’}W stre(·t til(‘ d(‘(‘(‘II<iant’s \'(‘1Ii(‘l(I (‘anH’ Ollt of Sharp<‘ Strppt withollt stopping, 11(‘ tool{ eva.~i\'(‘ action hy swinging towards til(‘ Port Ya.rd si(}(‘ (tlw right sidp) of tllP str(‘ot. … IIp WHS almost past wlwn his I(lft r(‘al’ dool’ alld sid(\ doo)’ was hit. rrhis fmHlwd thp baek of his eal’ eu,llsillg it to spill 1′(‘slIltillg ill a IHO d<‘gr(‘(‘s tllrll. rplw dpfpnda.nt’s (Ividplu'” is that 011 tlw ~~lHI .J Ill~’, HlB 1 at 7:~() (I. m. lw was driving his ear along HIIaI’Il(‘ Stl'(,(,t. Oil I’pa(‘hillg tllP intpl’s(I(‘tion of Hha.rpp a.nd Bay Str(‘ets, lw stopped his \,phi<-Ip, lool{pd I(lft, tlwn right, tlWIl Ipft again. ‘rhis wus dorw h(‘(‘(uls(‘ Jl(I had to (TOSS Bay Stl'(‘Pt to g(‘t to his worl” p](I,(‘(‘. HaNing obs(,l’vpd tlmt Bay Stl'(,(lt was 1’,'(,(, frolll hllllW,1I and \'(‘l1i(,lIlal’ traffi(‘ 11(‘ prore(‘dcd to eross til<‘ roml. IIp was a littJp 11101′(‘ t.han half of tIl(! width of Uw )’oad whC’n tlw plaintiff’s vpliiclp (Tosspd ill !’!’Olit or lIim ill a “pry fm.,t, nUUIIWI’ a.nd (‘rflshpd int,o thC’ front of his ,,(‘hklp. ‘I’ll(‘ plai llti fI’ \’iIS dI’i\’i IIg 011 til(‘ “‘l’Olig sieI(‘ of tlIP mad. It is (I\’idpnt. that thp ,,(‘..sioll or (·’·Pllts as d(‘pos(‘d to h~’ tl1p plai IItift’ and tlw dcfpudant (‘all not hoth h(‘ jTIl(‘. ‘I’IJ(‘ (‘011 It has to makp a. fi flding on tlIP fundlUlwnt.al issues of fact iII til is (‘asp, wit i(’11 iU’P: (I) wh(‘tlwl’ til(‘ d(‘I'(llldallt. (l1lJ(lrg<,d f!’OlIl Shal'(l<‘ Str(‘Pt. a miuOl’ I’OHd unto Bay Str(\pt n llIajor road wit.hollt stoppillg, (2) \VIJ(lthnr tlJ(1 dpl'(llldallt dl’o\'(‘ fmlll Shm’pp Htrppt into Bay Streot. wlH’1l it was III1S1IJ(‘ to do so. (a) \Vlwtlwl’ tJJ(‘ plailltilT was ciririllg his r(‘hkl(‘ 011 tIl<‘ wroug shIp of thr road, On a (‘Ios(‘ oxaIllillation of til(‘ (‘\’id(‘JI(‘p ami having I’Pgal’d to tIl(‘ ens£’ us pleadpd, I am iut’liIwd to aA.'(‘(‘pt. tIl<‘ (lYidplI(‘p of tl)(l plaintiff as to how tlw lleddont oeem’I’Pd. I 1Ia\,(‘ (‘onsidpl'(‘d tIlP III<I.IIIIPI’ and d(‘HI(,MIOUI’ of’ thp litigants and the plaintiff impr(‘ssps fliP HS tlU’ 1lI0l'(‘ (TP(lihl(‘ witupss. J (‘ollsidpr him to bp a witness of truth who ga\,(‘ his pvid(,IH'(‘ 1″‘<J,nldy. I n (‘ross (‘xami nation IJ(I I'(‘adiIY willi iH(ld that. 1)(‘ was d I’ivi ng b<‘yond tllP spp(‘d limit. IJp said: “I was lIot dl’irillg 1(‘isllI'(‘ly, J had to g<‘t. to til(‘ airport, at a specific tillH’. rl1hat WilS pa.rt or UU’ I’PUHOIl I was (‘x(‘(‘(‘di Ilg tlU’ spp(ld limit.” rrIl(‘ dprPIHlant did lIot always show tlwt frankll(,Hs with his a.nsWPI’8. In respons(‘ to a qll(‘Htion put ill (TOSS (‘xalllillatioll II<‘ said: “A \'(‘hiclp (‘xiting from a minor road Ullto a, majOl’ )’oad IllIISt m'(,()l’dillgl~’ gin’ way to tl’U.t’fi(‘ on Uw major road.” \VIH’JI (JHkpd hy M,’ (‘Ollllllissiollg whnt 11(\ Jlwant hy (J'(‘(‘ordingly, lw Illude It feeb]p att(‘mpt to pxplain by sa,\’i ng: “I I’ a. \'(‘hklp is (‘ollling out of’ a, minor mud and ont’ is (‘oming from the majol’ mad awl 011(\ is coming from a IHu;jor road to tlw said minor road, that’s why I said (I(·(‘o”dillgly.” ‘Plw dpf(‘wlant staJ,pd that ill wn I, tlH’),p was 110 stop Ii 11(\ at tiw i ntpl’S(‘(‘tion, th(‘I’P is Oll(, at 1))·PS(,llt. rpIH’ (‘ridpll(‘p of Poli(‘p (‘ollstahl(‘ Frallcis, who inY(lstigatpd thp (‘ol1isioll, awl whieh Im'(‘(‘pt is that tiH’rp wus a stop Iill(‘ t1H’),P ill HUH. ‘nH’ dpf(\wlant stnt(‘d that II(‘ tool” all 1))’P(,Ulltioll bpfOl’p II<‘ (‘I’08..,,)pd Bay Strp(\t~ Y(‘t wh(\11 1)(1 saw t.Iw pIli iIItifTs \’phieip it was pxw:tlr iII front of his vehielp, (,I’ossi ng his vphiclp. rl’llis was a, PPI’SOIl who sa.id ill (“‘OSS pxaminu,tion: “I had a (‘]par yipw of what was Im’PPPllillg 011 Bay Stl'(‘(‘t~ I (‘0111.1 s(‘(‘ a.bollt 150 to 160 ya,rds down Ba.y Htrpet” 11(\ flll’tIIPJ’ sta,t,pd that lIP had not S(‘Pl) any \’phi<‘lp at all and lw first appl’Peiatpd tIl<‘ pJ'(\S(\Jl(‘P or til<‘ plai ntiff’s car wlit’ll til(‘ plaintiff was crossing his (‘cU’, ‘Phat (‘\’id(,II(‘(‘ ill Ill)’ riP\’ iJlllstraf,(\s a. grpnt dpal of inattplltiv(,lI(,ss 011 tlw pal-t. or till’ dprPJulallt ill rplatioll to tmJfie 011 th” road. I n (TOSS px,uninatioll tllP plai uti ff statpd that \’h(,11 IIp first sa.w the defNldant’s \,(‘hi(‘)(‘, it was ()O f(\pt. lip tool.; (I\’Clsin\ adioll b)’ (,Ill'”i ng his vehiel(l towards til<‘ Port 01’ right sid(‘ of tilP road, Til is to ma)’ lIIi lid IIWlollbtpdly (‘xplains th(1 point of illlpn(‘f, O(,(,IIJTillg 011 til(‘ right. shIp of thp mad. Mr (‘ommissiong ill llis wldl’Pss Ilob’t! tlmt ollly t.lw Ipft, front sid<, of the defendant’s \,(‘hi(‘](‘ was danwgpd,l h· SlIhlllittpd that whpll tIl<‘ dpfNld(l,nt’s ca.r collided with tlJ(‘ plaintiff’s car, it. BlIIst )lan’ (‘(,(,11 a,t, lUi angl(‘, 11(1 ll.l-gtwd that tIl(‘ first point of (‘ontad bpi IIg tJU\ Iprt J'(‘lU’ doot’ of t.lw plai ntHf, shmv(‘d that thp plaintiff’s cal’ had all'(,C1d,r pas~.;(‘d til(‘ tillllgPJ’ poi lit 01′ was sWPI’\’i ng to avoid what appearpd to bp it (,Pl’tain (‘ollision. <‘<mllst’l SUlHlIitt(‘d that til<‘ natllJ’P of tIl<‘ damage is th(‘ b(,81. indication of how til<‘ I.e<‘idpnt. happPIH’d, a.nd tlIP dn.mag(\ to the plaintiff”H (‘/1.1’ is ttw smoldllg gnu PridPIH'(I ill this (‘as(\’ FlIl’thpl’, til(‘ danmg<‘ is in favour of’ tlt<‘ plaintiff”s (‘liSP, I i1gn'<‘ with Ip(l.l’lI(‘d (‘011118(‘1 that til(‘ damage’ donp favours t.}w plailltiff’s eaSt’. It is also (‘ollsist(‘lIt with tlIP plaiutHt”s (‘xplanation as to how t.}w H(‘eidpnt OCelllTP(1. Ms S,rlvpst,(ll’ for tlH’ dnfpndallt Hllhmit.tpd illtpl’ alia, t.hat. tlw plaintiff was driving too fa.st i u tlw dr(‘UllIstH.lu’PS awl lip failp(} and 01’ I’pfuspd to stop so u ..” t.o avoid t.lw (1.(‘(‘id(\lIt, As far as HI)((\d is (‘OIU’PI’IIPd, i II tIl(‘ cin’lllllstam’ps of t.llP cuSP I do not fi ntl tlI(‘ plai nti ffs sp(‘(\d to 11(‘ (\x(‘(‘ssi V(” 110)’ do I (‘ollsid(‘1′ his spppd of’ 25 mil(ls PPI’ h01l1′ in awl of its(‘II’ to (‘ollstitllt(‘ IIPglig<‘Jl(‘p. ‘Vith rpsppcf, to stopping, thp plaintiff’ statpd that Ii(‘ tool” p\'(lsi\'(\ (I,(‘tiOiI WllPll h(‘ ,’pu.lis(‘d that Uw dpf(‘ndant was not Htoppi IIg. I n Illy opi lIioll t1U\ d(‘rPllda.llt’s action (TPa.t,pd a 8uddpn emel’g<‘Iley for tllp plaintiff, who fm'(‘tI with an PlIIPIW\IH’Y sit.lla.tion, did tIl(‘ best hp could to avoid t.11<‘ eollh;ioll. … On tlw issllP of (‘ontrilmtol’.” lH’gl ig(‘II(‘P, it is for t,ll(‘ dpfpllda,nt. to satisfy the Comi that tlw pla.intiff’s ad 01’ omission has (‘ontrihllt(‘d ill SOIll(‘ d<‘grp(, to the accident. ]11 tIl(‘ instant rasp, tIl(‘ d(‘I'(‘lIdallt has Bot satisfiNl that OIlItS. In his address )ea,rlH’d (‘OU IIs(‘1 1’01’ tIl(l plai Iltiff 1\1 I’ (‘ommissiong submitted that tlw d(lfpmlant’s (‘<lS(I (1.'” pl(luli(ld st.atps lIothing. rrll<‘ pa.rti(‘s must b(l bound by th(‘ir plpadillgs. Pa.ragra.ph 4-adds lIothing to tlw plpadillg. PaJ’agl’nph aca.nnot be pray<,d in aid in t,(II’IIlS of pa,l’agl’aph f) IIl1d IHl,I’agJ’c.pll f) clops not <‘xplain how tIl(‘ accident hapP(‘rwd. Paragraphs );!,H,4, awl 5 of til(‘ am(‘wlpd J)(>f”(‘nrp and Connt(11′(,1 a.i III aJ’P J'(‘prod \I(‘(‘d b(‘1 ()w: “2. S(1Y(‘ that th<‘ J)pfpndallt admits tlu’ (‘ollisioll r(lf(‘I’)'(‘d to tll(‘I’pin, pa.ragraph 2 or t.1I(‘ stat{‘Il)(,Ilt. of (‘Iaim is d(,lli(‘d.